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                <div class="container"><article class="page"><h1 class="post-title animated flipInX">Markdown 基本语法预览</h1><div class="post-meta">
            <div class="post-meta-main"><a class="author" href="/" rel="author" target="_blank">
                    <i class="fas fa-user-circle fa-fw"></i>ChenDong Zhu
                </a>&nbsp;<span class="post-category">收录于&nbsp;<i class="far fa-folder fa-fw"></i><a href="/categories/%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/">学习</a>&nbsp;</span></div>
            <div class="post-meta-other"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i><time datetime=2019-08-25>2019-08-25</time>&nbsp;
                <i class="fas fa-pencil-alt fa-fw"></i>约 804 字&nbsp;
                <i class="far fa-clock fa-fw"></i>预计阅读 2 分钟&nbsp;</div>
        </div><div class="post-toc" id="post-toc">
                <h2 class="post-toc-title">目录</h2>
                <div class="post-toc-content"><nav id="TableOfContents">
  <ul>
    <li><a href="#背景">背景</a></li>
    <li><a href="#notes">Notes</a>
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#软件危机">软件危机</a></li>
        <li><a href="#软件定义">软件定义</a></li>
        <li><a href="#软件工程的基本原理">软件工程的基本原理</a></li>
        <li><a href="#软件工程方法学">软件工程方法学</a></li>
        <li><a href="#软件生命周期">软件生命周期</a></li>
        <li><a href="#软件过程">软件过程</a>
          <ul>
            <li><a href="#瀑布模型">瀑布模型</a></li>
            <li><a href="#快速原型模型">快速原型模型</a></li>
            <li><a href="#增量模型">增量模型</a></li>
            <li><a href="#螺旋模型">螺旋模型</a></li>
            <li><a href="#喷泉模型">喷泉模型</a></li>
            <li><a href="#rational-统一过程">Rational 统一过程</a></li>
          </ul>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </li>
  </ul>
</nav></div>
            </div>
            <div class="post-toc-mobile" id="post-toc-mobile">
                <details>
                    <summary>
                        <div class="post-toc-title">
                            <span>目录</span>
                            <span><i class="details icon fas fa-angle-down"></i></span>
                        </div>
                    </summary>
                    <div class="post-toc-content"><nav id="TableOfContentsMobile">
  <ul>
    <li><a href="#背景">背景</a></li>
    <li><a href="#notes">Notes</a>
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#软件危机">软件危机</a></li>
        <li><a href="#软件定义">软件定义</a></li>
        <li><a href="#软件工程的基本原理">软件工程的基本原理</a></li>
        <li><a href="#软件工程方法学">软件工程方法学</a></li>
        <li><a href="#软件生命周期">软件生命周期</a></li>
        <li><a href="#软件过程">软件过程</a>
          <ul>
            <li><a href="#瀑布模型">瀑布模型</a></li>
            <li><a href="#快速原型模型">快速原型模型</a></li>
            <li><a href="#增量模型">增量模型</a></li>
            <li><a href="#螺旋模型">螺旋模型</a></li>
            <li><a href="#喷泉模型">喷泉模型</a></li>
            <li><a href="#rational-统一过程">Rational 统一过程</a></li>
          </ul>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </li>
  </ul>
</nav></div>
                </details>
            </div><div class="post-content"><a class="post-dummy-target" id="背景"></a><h2>背景</h2>
<p>因为复试需要，学习软件工程概论。</p>
<a class="post-dummy-target" id="notes"></a><h2>Notes</h2>
<a class="post-dummy-target" id="软件危机"></a><h3>软件危机</h3>
<ul>
<li>如何开发软件，以满足对软件日益增长的需求</li>
<li>如何为何数量不断膨胀的已有软件</li>
</ul>
<a class="post-dummy-target" id="软件定义"></a><h3>软件定义</h3>
<ul>
<li>软件不等于程序</li>
<li>1983年IEEE为软件下的定义是：计算机程序、方法、规则、相关文档资料以及计算机运行程序所必须的数据</li>
</ul>
<a class="post-dummy-target" id="软件工程的基本原理"></a><h3>软件工程的基本原理</h3>
<ul>
<li>用分阶段的生命周期计划严格管理</li>
<li>坚持进行阶段评审</li>
<li>实行严格的产品控制</li>
<li>采用现代程序设计技术</li>
<li>结果应能清楚地审查</li>
<li>开发小组地人员应该少而精</li>
<li>承认不断改进软件工程实践的必要性</li>
</ul>
<a class="post-dummy-target" id="软件工程方法学"></a><h3>软件工程方法学</h3>
<ul>
<li>传统方法学：也称为生命周期方法学或结构化范型（这种技术要么面向行为，要么面向数据）</li>
<li>面向对象方法学（既面向行为，又面向数据）</li>
</ul>
<a class="post-dummy-target" id="软件生命周期"></a><h3>软件生命周期</h3>
<ul>
<li>软件定义时期
<ul>
<li>问题定义</li>
<li>可行性研究</li>
<li>需求分析</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>开发时期
<ul>
<li>总体设计</li>
<li>详细设计</li>
<li>编码</li>
<li>单元测试</li>
<li>综合测试：集成测试和验收测试</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>维护时期：通常有四类维护活动改正性维护，适应性维护，完善性维护，预防性维护</li>
</ul>
<a class="post-dummy-target" id="软件过程"></a><h3>软件过程</h3>
<p>软件过程是为了获得高质量软件所需要完成的一系列任务的框架，它规定了完成各项任务的工作步骤，即什么人，在什么时候，做什么事以及怎么做这些事。</p>
<a class="post-dummy-target" id="瀑布模型"></a><h4>瀑布模型</h4>
<ul>
<li>阶段间具有顺序性和依赖性</li>
<li>推迟实现的观点</li>
<li>质量保证的观点
<ul>
<li>每个阶段都必须完成规定的文档</li>
<li>每个阶段都要对完成的文档进行评审</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>瀑布模型的缺点：设计上的问题可能在实现中显现，测试阶段将发现需求分析和编码阶段的错误，所以实际的瀑布模型是带反馈环的。瀑布模型几乎完全依赖书面的规格说明，将导致最终开发的软件产品不能真正满足用户的需求。</li>
</ul>
<a class="post-dummy-target" id="快速原型模型"></a><h4>快速原型模型</h4>
<ul>
<li>先快速实现一个可以反映用户主要需求的原型系统，用这个原型来写规格说明文档，然后按传统的软件开发过程来开发</li>
</ul>
<a class="post-dummy-target" id="增量模型"></a><h4>增量模型</h4>
<p>把软件产品作为一系列的增量构件来设计、编码、集成和测试，它分批逐步向用户提交产品。</p>
<a class="post-dummy-target" id="螺旋模型"></a><h4>螺旋模型</h4>
<p>每个阶段之前进行风险分析，排除掉所有风险后进行下一个阶段。它是风险驱动的。</p>
<a class="post-dummy-target" id="喷泉模型"></a><h4>喷泉模型</h4>
<p>喷泉模型是典型的面向对象的软件过程模型之一，每个阶段都会迭代，阶段与阶段之间不存在明显的边界。</p>
<a class="post-dummy-target" id="rational-统一过程"></a><h4>Rational 统一过程</h4>
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                <span>本文于 2019-08-25 更新</span>
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